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Commodification Interview Music industry Soul Music Urban cultures

Tracing the History of Vee-Jay Records and Record Row in Chicago (1953-1966)

While there is plenty of facts and official historiographies on Southern Soul records (Stax, Hi, Muscle Shoals), Northern Soul records, be it Detroit (the Motown/Tamla and their subsidiaries fame), or even partly New York City (with Atlantic Records and their subsidiary ATCO): the fruitful (from a cultural perspective, not an economic one, definitely) Vee-Jay Records label has been left aside for decades.

However, it played a major role in helping develop what stood as a unique avenue in Chicago, South Michigan Avenue, nicknamed “Record Row”.

Vee-Jay was a venture launched by an Afro-American couple named Vivian Carter (herself a performer and a disc jockey) and James Bracken (himself a writer and composer) in 1953. But they did not start from zero, as the label was intended to be a branch of the existing record label and store founded several years before in Gary, Indiana.

In 2007, Daily Herald music critic Mark Guarino expressed his regrets to realize that Vee-Jay Records, as far as influencing was concerned, didn’t get the credit it deserved. The main difference outlined is that of the stylistic association between one label and its productions: Motown was clearly a pop/rhythm and blues venture, while Stax Records was fostering a Southern rough-sounding approach. Vee-Jay was none of them: starting with doo-wop-like bands (their first pressing was a band called The Spaniels, but they also recorded Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs Stay, which found success again 27 years later, thanks to the Dirty Dancing movie soundtrack in 1987), they embraced rhythm and blues (recording the first Curtis Mayfield’s The Impressions records), jazz (Paul Chambers and Wayne Shorter were amongst them).

Sadly, entrepreneur Ewart Abner was expecting considerable growth for Vee-Jay as he came on board back in 1955. Though his work propelled the Venture into the high spheres, hazardous investments and a missed Capitol Licensing contract got them into debt.

A documentary explored recently the story of Record Row, entitled Record Row: Cradle of Rhythm & Blues, was broadcasted initially in February 1997.

Categories
Urban cultures

Black Chicago and Musical Venues

To begin with, The DuSable Museum, named after the city’s founder back in circa 1780:

https://www.dusablemuseum.org/

A tribute website to celebrate the life and the action of writer and artist Margaret Burroughs (1915-2010), founder of the DuSable Museum, first known as the Ebony Museum:

http://www.margaretburroughs.com

A list of past Chicago clubs, available on the Encyclopedia of Chicago website:

http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/861.html

Historical outlines on the Savoy Ballroom:

On the Chicago Detours website, “Forgotten Chicago Nightlife History”, for those who aim to reconstruct a disappeared landscape. Indeed, many clubs vanished and it is sometimes painful to collect club names.

Introduction to researching Chicago jazz venues by Cathrine Uecker, head of the Special Collections Readers Services, Uchicago :

https://guides.lib.uchicago.edu/c.php?g=297184&p=1983832

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